Internet censorship can be found anywhere. For instance, there is essentially little control on the internet in Estonia, yet pure authoritarianism reigns in Iran and no one asks for people’s thoughts.
China
The country is well-known for The Great Firewall, which prevents access to much of the external internet. Everything the Chinese people require is available to them. An analog of Facebook, Twitter, numerous variations of YouTube. WeChat chat is used to communicate, order a cab, and transfer money. Western versions of these products are, in fact, illegal in China. Some services, like pirate bay are blocked entirely without analog. Even Google’s search engine is completely constrained.
The Chinese devise ciphers to communicate in a language incomprehensible to the state and use technical means to avoid various restrictions, but this does not mean that absolute censorship is eliminated. The government is also expanding the control systems.
North Korea
A country with severely limited access to the internet. It’s so tight that you might as well call it nonexistent. Only a small number of people have access to the internet (and only to check emails). There is an internet cafe, but it is closely regulated.
I believe it is similar to the local servers that existed in the Russian Federation in the mid-nineties since the cost of data transfer for accessing the external internet was too expensive.
There is a sliver of the internet where you can read the news, but everything has been filtered ten times and has nothing to do with the global web.
Cuba
Only a small percentage of the Cuban population has access to the internet. Until 2008, the Internet was prohibited in the country, and only members of the ruling class and the government could access it. Citizens of the country could only go online 13 years ago. However, the ordinary Cuban’s monthly salary is just enough to buy the internet at home. There are old PCs with the state operating system at internet cafes that can only be used by highly wealthy people.
Only with the introduction of mobile internet in the country in 2018 did the situation begun to alter. Yes, the high cost isn’t as horrible as a total ban, but absolute state control hasn’t gone away.
Belarus
In Belarus, access to a huge number of websites is restricted. This is primarily due to political considerations. The country monitors any unrest on the Internet, protest calls, and so on. As a result, the Change.org or pirate bay website, for example, are inaccessible.
The information is completely under control. Every visitor to the internet cafe is required to leave personal information behind. Telecommunications companies will supply all required information to the government upon initial request.
Iran
In Iran, there are severe issues with freedom of expression. Any reference to politics on the network must be blocked by the telecoms provider (whether negative or positive is not so important). Homosexual-related websites are likewise automatically filtered.
If you even mumble about feminism, the resource will be automatically blocked. Women are also not allowed to blog because doing so may result in a lengthy prison sentence.
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